Everything about Mcdonaldization totally explained
McDonaldization is a term used by
sociologist George Ritzer in his book
The McDonaldization of Society (1995). He describes it as the process by which a
society takes on the characteristics of a
fast-food restaurant. McDonaldization is a reconceptualization of
rationalization, or moving from
traditional to
rational modes of thought, and
scientific management. Where
Max Weber used the model of the bureaucracy to represent the direction of this changing society, Ritzer sees the fast-food restaurant as having become a more representative contemporary
paradigm (Ritzer, 2004:553).
Ritzer highlighted four primary components of McDonaldization:
- Efficiency - the optimal method for accomplishing a task. In this context, Ritzer has a very specific meaning of "efficiency". Here, the optimal method equates to the fastest method to get from point A to point B. In the example of McDonald's customers, it's the fastest way to get from being hungry to being full. Efficiency in McDonaldization means that every aspect of the organization is geared toward the minimization of time.
- Calculability - objective should be quantifiable (for example, sales) rather than subjective (for example, taste). McDonaldization developed the notion that quantity equals quality, and that a large amount of product delivered to the customer in a short amount of time is the same as a high quality product. This allows people to quantify how much they're getting versus how much they’re paying. Organizations want consumers to believe that they're getting a large amount of product for not a lot of money. Workers in these organizations are judged by how fast they're instead of the quality of work they do.
- Predictability - standardized and uniform services. "Predictability" means that no matter where a person goes, that'll receive the same service and receive the same product every time when interacting with the McDonaldized organization. This also applies to the workers in those organizations. Their task are highly repetitive, highly routine, and predictable.
- Control - standardized and uniform employees, replacement of human by non-human technologies
With these four processes, a strategy which is rational within a narrow scope can lead to outcomes that are harmful or irrational.
The process of McDonaldization can be summarized as the way in which "the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as of the rest of the world.” (Ritzer, 1993:1).
In subsequent publications, Ritzer conceptualized a cultural process he labeled "de-McDonaldization" as a reaction to McDonaldization, and cited modern baseball stadia with simulated nostalgic features as one example for this phenomenon.
The response from
McDonald's, expressed by its representatives in the
United Kingdom, is that Ritzer, like other commentators, uses the company's size and brand recognition to promote ideas that don't necessarily relate to the company's business practices.
Further Information
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